Protecting Forests and Planting Millions of Trees

The key to working with communities is ownership. Our individual tree farmers are highly motivated to put in a lot of work to establish their tree nurseries and plant out and care for the tree saplings. They know that the fast-growing pine and eucalyptus trees will provide a valuable income for their families from selling timber and firewood. By having a sustainable source of timber means that the communities are able to now conserve existing forests with indigenous trees. Natural regeneration is encouraged and within a few years people are able to see a positive difference, not only visibly with the regenerated trees and natural grasses but there is a reduction in soil erosion and eventually improved rainfall.

High population growth has been the prime cause of deforestation across Malawi and has led to soil degradation, landslides, perennial rivers drying up, rain shortages and depletion of wildlife and biodiversity. Wood is taken from indigenous forests for building and to use for cooking. Increasing numbers of people have become involved in the production and sale of charcoal, particularly in areas near towns, further decimating the remaining forests.

What we are doing is:

• empowering local communities to take ownership of their forests and set up local forest conservation committees
• working in partnership with communities and district government staff to introduce bylaws to protect the forests
• reducing illegal activity by supporting the forest conservation committees and Forestry Department to patrol the forested hills
• educating local communities on the importance of forest conservation
• promoting sustainable environmental projects such as Ripple Africa’s Tree Planting project and the Changu Changu Moto fuel-efficient cookstove project.

For years, Ripple Africa has worked to fight deforestation in Malawi through tree planting and fuel-efficient cookstove projects.

However, while Ripple Africa has been tackling deforestation in populated lowland areas, the charity has watched in sadness as the mature indigenous forests in the hills of Malawi’s Nkhata Bay and Mzimba Districts continue to disappear.

These forested hills are a primary factor in regulating the annual rainfall in the area and, frustratingly, deforestation here is pointless:

• The land is too steep and stony for farming.
• The hills are too remote for extracting firewood.
• Erosion caused by deforestation washes away the top soil

Just a handful of farmers are responsible for all this destruction through the practice of shifting cultivation. The Government has struggled to control this so it continues unabated. The farmers:

• clear acres of forest
• burn the trees where they fall (as they are too remote to transport the wood)
• temporarily cultivate the land for just one to three years until crops fail – often they grow sorghum for beer
• render the soil infertile, and then
• move on and do it all again in another forested area.

Ripple Africa is doing everything it can to combat deforestation in Malawi on all fronts. However, Ripple Africa’s Forest Conservation project is special as it is saving the forested hills responsible for regulating much of the rainfall in the District. With 90% of the population in Malawi getting their food from subsistence farming, rainfall and climate stability are not just issues for environmentalists, they are inextricably linked to poverty, health, and survival for local people.

The aim of the Forest Conservation project is to preserve the forested hills of Nkhata Bay and Mzimba Districts before they are lost forever.

Our tree planting project is one of the largest and most successful tree planting projects in the north of Malawi. We provide a long-term solution to fighting deforestation in Africa caused by the destruction of indigenous forests.

The tree planting project directly tackles this by working with thousands of farmers, community groups and schools who establish tree nurseries and typically plant out 1,000 to 3,000 trees on their land, and these provide a sustainable source of timber and firewood.

High population growth has been the prime cause of deforestation across Malawi and has led to soil degradation, landslides, perennial rivers drying up, rain shortages and depletion of wildlife. Trees are cut down and land cleared for farming often in areas where the land is steep with poor soil quality. Wood is taken from indigenous forests for building and to use for cooking. Increasing numbers of people have become involved in the production and sale of charcoal, particularly in areas near towns, further decimating the remaining forests.

Ripple Africa’s tree planting project is not only about planting trees in Malawi, but also about changing the way people think about their natural environment and the destructive and unsustainable actions which are causing deforestation. By involving farmers, community groups and schools, Ripple Africa aims not only to encourage more tree planting in Africa, but to slowly change how people value and use all their natural resources.

Ripple Africa first started to address this issue in the area around its base in Nkhata Bay District, providing local communities with quick-growing trees which provide an immediate benefit to the community. The trees can be used like a crop by coppicing them (cutting off the branches for firewood without felling the whole tree), and then they grow back quickly to provide more wood year on year.

However, we are now increasingly working in Mzimba Districts where deforestation is much more severe. Here we are working more with farmers who are prepared to invest a considerable amount of time (it takes up to 15 years to grow a tree large enough to sell for timber) and their own money to ensure that larger numbers of trees can be grown successfully.

Fruit Trees

Ripple Africa started its fruit tree project in 2007 and grows improved citrus, mango, guava, papaya, and avocado in Nkhata Bay District, Malawi. While some fruit trees grow naturally in Africa, trees are often poorly managed, and some fruit trees suffer from viruses which mean they do not produce fruit. Ripple Africa has established improved fruit trees which:

• produce a greater crop yield
• have a stronger resistance to viruses
• are of a much better quality

All fruit trees are for the benefit of the community and, in time and with proper care, will produce enough fruit for community members to eat and to sell for profit.

Any kind of tree planting project is hugely important to the environment in Malawi; however, fruit tree planting in particular creates a natural incentive for people to protect their trees as a fruit tree provides both food and income.

Ripple Africa’s fruit tree planting project is also an important way of improving nutrition. In Malawi, malnutrition is a large cause of death among children, and poor diet can lead to general ill health and disease. Many people in Malawi go hungry and survive only on a staple carbohydrate called nsima (a porridge made from either maize or cassava), severely lacking many of the important vitamins and minerals which fruit can provide. Free access to a variety of fruit at household level improves the health of vulnerable rural families.

Lastly, because Ripple Africa’s improved fruit tree project produces fruit of a higher quality, fruit from one of Ripple Africa’s fruit trees is highly competitive at market, especially some varieties such as oranges and tangerines which are rarely grown in the area. The value of access to a sustainable income stream for a poor rural family cannot be underestimated!